Chambers Canada 2018 Legal Rankings

Disputes between shareholders of a corporation, and shareholders and their corporation, are stressful and complicated, and often attract…

On September 9, 2024, a unanimous Federal Court of Appeal decided consent is to be determined on an objective standard. In an unusual move, in…

Effective September 1, 2024, amendments to the Nova Scotia Workers’ Compensation Act allow workers to be compensated for gradual onset stress.…

On June 21, 2024, the Supreme Court of Canada concluded – decisively - that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms applies to protect the…

The nature of the construction industry, especially when it comes to seasonal work and where the labour needs and costs must be estimated in…

In a typical construction project, the owner has a contract with the prime contractor, the prime contractor has a contract with the…

The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has been looking for a new production order power; it’s on its way.  The role of CSIS is to…

The duty to accommodate is a legal duty human rights laws impose on employers – but it’s not written down or described in human rights…

When an employee seeks accommodation of a disability, either physical or mental, the duty to accommodate is nuanced by both the employer’s…

Canadian businesses need foreign workers to address labour and skills shortages. Yet the Canadian government is taking steps to reduce the…

An increasing number of municipalities in Canada are using public video camera surveillance to promote public safety and help deter crimes like…

Effective October 1, 2024, public and private Prince Edward Island employees will be entitled to up to three paid sick days per calendar year.…

On April 30, 2024, the Ontario Divisional Court decided the victim of a serious cyber security incident was required to produce to privacy…

Using written employment contracts is a good start – but it doesn’t mean they will be enforceable. Courts interpret employment contracts to…

Bill C-63, if passed, will create the hotly anticipated Online Harms Act to regulate certain online platforms, create new Criminal Code of…

Provincial minimum wage rates continue to climb in Canada. Provincial minimum wage legislation across Canada, including in the Atlantic Canadian…

Canadian provinces and territories continue to swiftly legislate prompt payment requirements – though not all are taking effect quite so…

Many international companies set up shop in Canada through branch offices or subsidiaries. Many of these companies are looking to staff up their…

In its February 2024 decision in Dufault v. The Corporation of the Township of Ignace, the Ontario Superior Court voided yet another contractual…

On March 1, 2024, the Supreme Court of Canada decided a police request for disclosure of an IP address is a “search” under section 8 of the…

It used to be that an employee dismissal resulted in a single wrongful dismissal claim (if anything) against the employer. These days, an…

On January 24, 2024, the Nova Scotia Supreme Court upheld the N.S. Environment Minister’s approval of a proposed windfarm development’s…

While 2023’s legal learnings will leave a lasting impression on employers, with the arrival of 2024 the time is right to look ahead - and get…

Over four years after it began, the federal government still hasn’t finalized its overhaul of the private sector privacy law regime that both…

As 2023 draws to a close, the time is right to take a look in the rearview mirror and reflect on the key labour and employment law learnings…

On October 13, 2023, the Supreme Court of Canada issued its judicial reference opinion: a significant portion of Canada’s federal…

Updated January 10, 2024. On September 12, 2023, the New Brunswick Court of Kings Bench sentenced a front-line supervisor who “did nothing…

Updated February 9, 2024. On December 15, 2023, Bill C-56, the Affordable Housing and Groceries Act, became law, giving developers of…

There’s a new scam on the web: Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) scams. Most are familiar with established scams like phishing and ransomware and…

You’ve experienced a workplace accident that’s resulted in serious injury to, or worse the death of, an employee. Do you need legal counsel…

Owning your own business offers many opportunities. But it also carries inherent risks, including exposure to personal liability. These three…

Effective June 23, 2023, Section 45(1.1) of the Competition Act makes it a criminal offence for all unaffiliated employers to enter into…

Employers understand the risk that departing employees will take sensitive information, compete for customers and solicit other employees.…

Effective April 27, 2023 the federal Pension Protection Act (Bill C-228), granting pensions “super priority” status over other secured and…

You arrive at the legendary Madison Square Garden to catch the Mariah Carey concert. It’s the big event of the trip – the reason you came to…

Employees used to gather around the water cooler to share views on controversial issues, discuss co-workers and complain about their employer.…

While the December 2021 Bill C-223, An Act to Develop a National Framework for a Guaranteed Livable Basic Income seems to have died in both…

The benefits to employees, and often to employers, of remote work has made it a staple of today’s workplace. But the move to remote work…

The Supreme Court of Nova Scotia has made it clear that, while the burden is high, pre-emptively vacating or discharging a builders’ lien is a…

Updated April 16, 2024. On February 15, 2023, an adjudicator ordered an employer to pay what could be the “largest employment…

Immigration continues to play a key role in addressing Canada’s labour and skills shortage. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada…

Updated May 8, 2024. On July 1, 2023, the Nova Scotia Medical Certificates for Employee Absence Act took effect. The Act regulates workplace…

NOTE: On December 19, 2023, the N.B. Court of Kings Bench upheld the adjudicator’s decision. On February 15, 2023, a New Brunswick…

All businesses need written contracts. Determining what written contracts are essential depends on many factors, including the nature of the…

2022 left important lasting implications for employers. With 2023 here, it’s time to look ahead to key issues that will affect employers in…

Many Canadian employers continue to be challenged not only with hiring the right number of people, but with finding candidates with the right…

On January 26, 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) released a report of findings requiring companies using targeted…

Updated July 7, 2023. Bill 24 An Act to Amend the Business Corporations Act effected significant amendments to the New Brunswick Business…

In November 2022, the Ontario Court of Appeal definitively decided an organization whose information systems are breached by a malicious third…

Buzz around the potential of hydrogen as a green energy source has been growing. And the Atlantic Canadian provinces are poised to become a key…

2022 is in the rearview mirror, but the past year left lasting implications for employers. Here’s a retrospective on five of the key 2022…

Updated September 5, 2024. The COVID-19 pandemic drove remote work to unprecedented heights. Employee calls for greater flexibility, and cost…

When Prime Minister Trudeau announced that September 19, 2022 would be a National Day of Mourning for Queen Elizabeth II, the Atlantic provinces…

There’s a new privacy law coming to Canada. In June, the federal government introduced a complete overhaul of the privacy law regime that both…

On June 16, 2022, the federal government took a second shot at a complete overhaul of the private sector privacy law regime that both protects…

The current labour crunch is only strengthening the business case for building a workplace that’s welcoming to diverse employee pools –…

Updated July 28, 2023. Effective June 1, 2022, Bill 119 amended the P.E.I. Employment Standards Act to add new pay transparency provisions.…

The COVID-19 pandemic is (arguably) gone but the pre-pandemic labour crunch - for both white and blue collar workers - is back. And there’s no…

On May 22, 2010 (affectionately known as “Bitcoin Pizza Day”), a Floridian bought two Papa John's pizzas with Bitcoin. The day is famous…

The COVID-19 pandemic changed many aspects of the workplace for good – but pre-pandemic labour shortages isn’t one of them. While the…

While the Canada emergency response benefit (CERB) has ended, the focus on the concept of a universal or guaranteed basic income the COVID-19…

COVID-19 public health restrictions are coming to an end, even though the COVID-19 virus is not. Employers face reconstructing their workplace…

In February 2022, thousands of people led by a convoy of trucks (many displaying company logos) from across Canada congregated in Ottawa and…

As the Omicron wave wanes, and COVID-19 moves from pandemic to endemic, provincial governments have quickly pivoted to loosening – some even…

On April 1, 2022, changes to the Newfoundland and Labrador Corporations Act proposed in Bill 24 An Act to Amend the Corporations Act will take…

Updated June 17, 2024. On May 17, 2022, the P.E.I. Non-disclosure Agreements Act took effect, significantly restricting the use of…

Since COVID-19 vaccinations rolled out, employers have grappled with workplace COVID-19  vaccination policies, with little guidance from courts…

More and more people are using smart contracts: the global smart contracts market was valued at USD $145M in 2020; it’s projected to be valued…

On January 17, 2022, the New Brunswick Court of Queen’s Bench issued the first decision interpreting the New Brunswick Franchises Act. In…

Updated October 7, 2024. The name of the game is to have a plan to mitigate the risk that a data breach will happen – but be ready when it…

This publication has been updated as at January 26, 2022. Since COVID-19 vaccinations rolled out, employers have been grappling with how to…

As COVID-19 continues, many workplaces have morphed from remote work arrangements into hybrid arrangements for many employees. By necessity,…

On November 5, 2021, the Province of Nova Scotia passed the Environmental Goals and Climate Change Reduction Act. The Act will serve as the…

The New Brunswick Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulation, effected under the N.B. Climate Change Act, establishes specific…

COVID-19 forced many employers to make temporary, and even permanent, changes to the terms of employees’ employment, from scheduling and…

Updated July 17, 2024. On October 22, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada clarified that labour arbitrators have exclusive jurisdiction over…

We updated this publication on December 14, 2022. COVID-19 has been changing Canadian workplaces for 18 months. For some employees, the…

Updated February 28, 2024. The New Brunswick Construction Remedies Act substantially came into effect on November 1, 2021, and took full…

Updated February 9, 2024. It’s now widely accepted: it’s imperative that workplaces be both diverse and inclusive. Perhaps the most oft…

As of January 1, 2021, federally regulated employers (such as banks, telephone and cable systems, most federal Crown corporations,…

This publication has been updated as at August 27, 2021. With the COVID-19 vaccine widely available, and the COVID pandemic continuing,…

We updated this publication on July 22, 2021. On May 26, 2021, the Hague District Court in the Netherlands ordered Royal Dutch Shell (RDS) to…

Close to five million Canadians who didn’t usually work from home, did so in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Even as public health…

The Supreme Court of Canada continues to develop and clarify the organizing principle of good faith performance in contract law. In its 2014…

This publication has been updated as at September 17, 2021. Employers across the country – including the federal government, some…

Updated March 4, 2022. Privacy is critical to every business in every sector, including startups and growing businesses: to comply with the…

Well-drafted, properly implemented written employment contracts are a key tool to avoiding or resolving disputes during and at the end of…

In the first update to the CCDC 2 since 2008, in December 2020 the Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC) published the CCDC 2 (2020).…

Termination clauses, particularly “without cause” ones, are among the most important clauses to include in any employment agreement. But the…

The Supreme Court of Canada, in the 2014 case of Bhasin v. Hrynew, recognized a general organizing principle of good faith performance in…

We updated this publication on June 30, 2022. NOTE: On June 16, 2022, the Government of Canada introduced Bill C-27:  Digital Charter…

We updated this publication on July 11, 2023. Spurred by the COVID-19 Pandemic and bricks-and-mortar closures, businesses – from SMEs to…

This publication has been updated as at July 9, 2021. For some time, every Prince Edward Island employer has been required to comply with…

On October 9, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada delivered its decision in Matthews v. Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd. on whether a former employee…

Updated August 1, 2024. The rapid adoption of ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) principles and the growth of mandatory disclosure…

This publication has been updated as of May 5, 2021. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led many employees to continue working from home, by…

McInnes Cooper Lawyer Mike Melvin and 3rd Degree Training/Actual Nutrition CEO and Co-Founder Steve Collette discuss the importance of a legally…

Franchisor-franchisee relationships tend to be long-term relationships, so having a franchise Agreement that covers all the common…

Getting the right legal advice at the beginning of a dispute can help you avoid mistakes that could come back and haunt you in the future. In…

In this episode, McInnes Cooper Lawyer Mike Melvin and 3rd Degree Training / Actual Nutrition CEO and Co-Founder Steve Collette discuss…

A multi-unit franchise agreement can create significant efficiencies when it comes to growing and managing your franchise network, if it is done…

Strategic advice goes beyond the preparation of documents and technical legal assistance and provides you with solutions to strategic problems…

On June 26, 2020, the Supreme Court of Canada released Uber Technologies Inc. v. Heller, a much-awaited decision regarding the enforceability of…

The financial technology (Fintech) industry uses technology to support and enhance financial and banking services.

This publication has been updated as of April 23, 2021. Employers that hire and employ temporary foreign workers must comply with many and…

McInnes Cooper partner Michael Melvin and Student-at-Law Myriam Whalen provide a detailed Legal Digest in the Spring 2020 Edition of The…

The Supreme Court of Canada recently released a much-awaited decision regarding the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA). The CCAA is…

While the world is still reeling from ongoing COVID-19 concerns, many provinces have announced plans to relax public health restrictions put in…

The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting more than Canada’s domestic workforce. It’s also disrupting Canadian employers’ access to temporary…

The COVID-19 novel coronavirus has evolved rapidly, and so have the workplace issues employers are facing – and the questions employers were…

The havoc that COVID-19 (a.k.a. “novel coronavirus” or SARS-CoV-2) is wreaking around the globe – and around workplaces – is about to…

The global COVID-19 (a.k.a. Coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has implications for many commercial relationships, its evolving nature and…

On February 24, 2020, the Nova Scotia government announced that amendments to the Nova Scotia Pension Benefits Regulations implementing changes…

Canada’s construction industry is abuzz with the latest innovation in lien legislation. Prompt payment requirements are being added to…

The Environmental Emergency Regulations, effected under section 200(1) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and in force since…

“Do the unexpected. Take 20 minutes out of your day, do what young people all over the world are dying to do: vote.” Rick Mercer (hailing…

This publication has been updated as at July 9, 2021. Violence and harassment is an unfortunate reality of society – and of the workplace.…

Updated September 19, 2024. Like it or not, Canadians live life online. More people - and more employees - are sharing more information,…

Updated July 10, 2024. If you “own” a company incorporated under either the Canada Business Corporations Act or under the corporate…

Updated September 6, 2024. Growing a business takes people. In early days, many companies have just one “employee”: the owner or founder.…

Organizations subject to Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) – those that collect, use or…

We updated this publication on July 9, 2021. As of April 1, 2019, employers of New Brunswick employees must comply with new occupational…

As of April 1, 2019, employers of New Brunswick employees must comply with new occupational health and safety law requirements specific to…

On February 14, 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada decided yet another criminal law decision that will likely have broader ramifications for…

On December 13, 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed that a third party can’t waive a person’s right to privacy or their rights under…

On December 18, 2018, the maximum sentence possible for impaired driving (among other things) will increase as the result of amendments to…

This publication has been updated as of October 15, 2020. Canada became only the second country in the world to legalize cannabis (or…

Immigration is one of the key solutions to looming (and current) worker shortages in Canada. But an employer that hires a foreign worker must…

Updated July 8, 2024. Every organization subject to Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA, soon to…

Updated June 28, 2024. As of November 1, 2018, organizations in Canada subject to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic…

Updated January 26, 2023. Prince Edward Island corporations were formerly governed by the P.E.I. Companies Act – legislation that was…

Every parent knows that a lot can happen in 18 months. Many employers agree. The federal government’s extension of employment insurance…

The legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada is imminent. Employers are feeling the heat to prepare – even as they continue efforts to…

Updated September 26, 2024. Businesspeople (and their legal counsel) are on the road more than ever before: according to Statistics Canada,…

This publication has been updated as at July 8, 2022. Changes to the Canada Business Corporations Act (CBCA) over the past several years have…

Updated July 4, 2024 It can be challenging for employers to fulfill their legal duty to accommodate an employee under human rights laws…

Workplace sexual harassment isn’t a new issue, nor is it limited to any one industry or country – but it's one that far more women than men…

Equity compensation plans are a valuable and versatile tool for many corporations, from early-stage startups to established blue-chips.…

We updated this publication on March 11, 2020. The #metoo and #timesup movements drove workplace sexual harassment to the front and center of…

Many employers use written workplace policies as a day-to-day workplace management tool; common examples include attendance management policies,…

Insurers have generally been leery of coverage for medical cannabis in both the health benefit claims and in cost of care claims in the personal…

Whether a provincial court will grant police a “production order” under the Criminal Code of Canada requiring a non-Canadian company to…

Updated November 23, 2023. For many people, the holiday season now upon us is a fun-filled time of the year. But for employers, and…

It’s official: as of October 31, 2017, “facilitation payments” contravene Canada’s Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (CFPOA).…

Intellectual Property (IP) can be a valuable asset – even the most valuable asset – of a business. So it’s worth making sure the business…

Canada’s most important trading relationship is – in all likelihood – about to change: the current U.S. administration has put the future…

Updated February 13, 2024 An increasing number of employees are struggling to meet the challenge of the competing demands of their employers…

In the not-so-distant past, Canadian enforcement of its anti-corruption and anti-bribery legal regime has been relatively laid-back. But the…

All stakeholders in any major project development already know that adequate consultation before - rather than after - a project is approved is…

This publication has been updated as of October 14, 2020. On June 19, 2017, Bill C-16, An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the…

Updated June 10, 2022.  The rapid rise in ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) principles has increased focus on workplace diversity and…

A corporation does not always sail in calm or safe waters. Cash shortages, unattainable or unmet goals, Board disagreements over the best course…

When growing your business, you face many decisions, including choosing the business structure that is right for you. Your legal team can be…

On June 28, 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed a Canadian court can issue an interlocutory injunction (an order requiring an entity or…

On June 23, 2017, the Supreme Court of Canada decided that in a contest between the choice of forum clause in Facebook’s online terms of use…

On June 7, 2017, the federal government repealed the regulations that would have brought into effect the sections of Canada’s Anti Spam…

Investigations are a vital - but difficult - part of workplace management. The value of a proper investigation can’t be overstated: it plays a…

On April 13, 2017, Canada’s federal government introduced legislation that, if passed into law, will legalize recreational cannabis in Canada.…

Recreational cannabis isn’t legal yet - but much of the associated stigma is already gone, usage is up and employers are feeling the workplace…

Social media platforms, like Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Facebook and GooglePlus, arguably have more followers and are more closely…

Updated January 29, 2024. Most organizations (72%) store the personal information of customers. employees, suppliers, vendors or partners,…

Note: On January 1, 2022, the Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program became the permanent Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP). Learn more at From…

We updated this publication on April 5, 2023. The hiring process and the termination process are equally important stages of the employment…

Doing business with the public sector creates an often overlooked – but very real – risk that the confidential information a business…

Employers’ legal duty to accommodate employees seems to most frequently come up in the context of employees with disabilities. But that duty…

On November 17, 2016 the Supreme Court of Canada decided a mortgagee has the mortgagor’s implied consent to disclose its discharge statement…

Canada’s most important trading relationship might undergo some change with the results of the 2016 U.S. election. Facilitating cross-border…

The employment contract is an exchange of labour for wages and other benefits, so employers are entitled to expect regular ongoing attendance…

Updated August 19, 2024. All shareholders – whether in a startup, a small or large business or a family-owned business – can benefit from…

Business owners wear many hats – including employer. Your employees may be your business’s greatest asset, but they could also be your…

Whether someone is an employee or an independent contractor has long caused employers a degree of angst. And the recent emergence of a new…

Updated January 27, 2023. A key legal decision in starting or growing your business is choosing the business structure that’s right for…

On July 14, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the “Unjust Dismissal” sections of the Canada Labour Code ensure that…

Employers are entitled to mandate dress codes in the workplace, and even to discipline employees who refuse to comply. But a workplace dress…

In its June 16, 2016 decision in Rogers Communications Inc. v. Châteauguay (City), the Supreme Court of Canada decided a municipality’s…

Administrative monetary penalties, or “AMPs”, are a new phenomenon in the Canadian offshore. AMPs were introduced to the Newfoundland &…

On May 6, 2016, the Supreme Court of Canada generally affirmed the common law rule that positive covenants do not run with the land. More…

Updated October 4, 2023. Workplace accidents regularly lead to charges under occupational health and safety (OHS) law. These charges can be…

When a business responds to a public sector Request for Proposal or Expression of Interest (both of which we’ll refer to as an RFP for these…

On January 11, 2016, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice sentenced a front-line supervisor to imprisonment for 3½ years for four counts of…

Employee tardiness is a significant problem for employers - and bad weather is one of the top three reasons that employees give for it according…

On February 26, 2016, the bulk of the offshore-related amendments of the Energy Safety and Security Act (ESSA, formerly known as Bill C-22) take…

Updated April 13, 2023. A well drafted and properly implemented written employment contract can be instrumental to both avoiding or resolving…

On January 21, 2016, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice dramatically expanded the scope of legal privacy protection – and the liability…

A practical and current guide created to help you navigate the increasingly important issues surrounding offshore decommissioning and…

Updated July 19, 2024. Violence has become an unfortunate reality in current society, and the workplace is not immune. With more people…

The employment contract, at its core, is an exchange of work for compensation. So at a very basic level, employers are entitled to expect…

Updated October 4, 2023. Most people know a company itself has occupational health and safety (OHS) obligations and risks corporate liability…

We updated this publication on July 21, 2022. Every party to a Right of Way has some idea of what that Right of Way is – but many times,…

Updated June 24, 2021. Women make up close to half of the employed workforce: in 2019, Canadian women 15 years and older represented 47.4% of…

On March 3, 2015 Canada’s Privacy Commissioner determined that Health Canada breached privacy laws by mailing letters to over 40,000 Marihuana…

On March 5, 2015, the Canadian Radio and Television Commission (the CRTC, the main agency charged with administering and enforcing most of CASL)…

Snow can be a big nuisance at this time of year, but snow load - the weight of the snow, usually measured in pounds per square foot - can be…

Updated January 26, 2022. With people spending so many of their waking hours at or connected to work these days, romantic relationships…

On January 30, 2015 the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom’s protection for freedom of…

In December 2014, the Newfoundland & Labrador Supreme Court ordered an employer to pay its former employee $30,000 in moral damages to…

On December 11, 2014 the Supreme Court of Canada continued its trend to recognize privacy rights – and develop the law to protect them –…

On January 15, 2015, the software provisions of Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) will take effect.  CASL’s anti-spam sections, touted…

“Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) as a concept has been floating around in business-speak for years – but stakeholders in the mining…

Updated December 11, 2020. Employers host numerous events throughout the year – summer and holiday office parties, retreats, client and…

The construction industry - project owners, contractors, subcontractors and trades - might be relaxing, ignoring the hype around Canada’s…

On November 13, 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) effected a significant development in Canadian contract law by recognizing the…

CASL’s anti-spam sections came into force on July 1, 2014. Every organization that CASL affects should now be complying with it – and their…

Updated August 25, 2022. Many believe that only public companies or large, established companies with many shareholders need to be concerned…

Most Canadians have heard about Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL): we’ve been bombarded with “CASL Compliant” emails asking us to…

On July 11, 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada confirmed that the “Crown” in historical treaties with First Nations groups includes both the…

On June 26, 2014, in its groundbreaking decision on Aboriginal title in Tsilhqot’in Nation v. B.C., the Supreme Court of Canada …

On June 13, 2014 the Supreme Court of Canada decided that Canadians have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their online activities, and…

The countdown to CASL is almost over: there are only 13 business days until the anti-spam provisions of CASL – and most of the penalties for…

On July 1, 2014 – less than two months from now - the anti-spam sections of Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL) take effect. Individuals…

The countdown to CASL is on: on July 1, 2014, the anti-spam sections of Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) take effect. Individuals…

On July 1, 2014, the anti-spam sections of Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (aka “CASL”) will take effect. CASL is: Broad. It applies…

On July 1, 2014, the anti-spam sections of Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (aka “CASL”) take effect. CASL will apply to just about every…

On November 7, 2013, the Supreme Court of Canda decided police require specific authorization in a search warrant to search the data in a…

Updated June 5, 2024. A general security agreement (GSA) is the most common form of personal property security to secure commercial loans and…

On June 14, 2013, the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, Local 30 v. Irving Pulp…

On October 19, 2012 the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) decided a teacher criminally charged with possession of child pornography and unauthorized…

As any Canadian knows, July 1st – Canada Day – is the first long weekend of the summer; or is it?  What about when July 1 falls on a…

Social media blurs line between work time and “off duty” time. Employers can, however, discipline employees who go over the line. We have 10…